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    • By STF News
      View the full blog at its source
    • By STF News
      View the full blog at its source
    • By STF News
      Samsung Electronics today announced a new partnership with CJ ENM, Asia’s leading entertainment and media group behind the Oscar-winning film ‘Parasite’, to build a virtual production studio to spearhead the production of future video content. Combining its cutting-edge Micro LED technology with CJ ENM’s globally recognized content production of television series and films, Samsung is taking the next step in a new initiative to innovate in the rapidly expanding virtual production market.
       
      Through this partnership, Samsung will supply its state-of-the-art display technology, The Wall, to CJ ENM’s virtual studio, a part of its television and film production studio complex scheduled to open in Paju, Korea later this year. The custom virtual production volume studio will be the first in the world to leverage The Wall’s boundless LED technology, unlocking new possibilities for video content production operations and virtual production solutions. The main display will be installed in an oval shape with a diameter of 20 meters and a height of seven meters or more, creating a seemingly endless backdrop to capture content.
       

       
      “We are excited to collaborate with CJ ENM to build a virtual production studio featuring Samsung’s most cutting-edge display technologies,” said Jong-hee Han, President of Visual Display Business at Samsung Electronics. “With this partnership, Samsung is launching a new virtual production industry initiative with a commitment to deliver innovative products and solutions that offer the optimal environment for next-generation content production.”
       
      This virtual production studio will use LED displays and connected cameras to create virtual settings in real-time. This solution will save time and reduce image compositing and on-location production costs while helping filmmakers to see the camera on the live-action set in any direction.
       
      The Wall’s modular technology allows creators to design environments to their specific requirements, enabling a variety of installation options such as ceiling installation and convex or concave design, depending on the internal studio design.
       

       
      The 2021 model of The Wall (Model Name: IWA) with Micro LED technology enhances visual expression with ultra-deep blacks and wide viewing angles, giving filmmakers and content creators the ultimate canvas to fulfill their visions. The modular screens are ideal for studios thanks to their precise color expression, HDR10+ and cinema LED picture quality technology and optimized frame rates for production houses. A new molding process is also applied to the modular surfaces of The Wall to minimize any moiré patterns from forming, a nuisance typically associated with filming standard LED screens.
       
      The Wall’s massive screen measures over 1,000 inches, producing vibrant colors and details supporting up to 16K high-resolution1 content. Dedicated frame rates for studio production, a new addition to this year’s model, allows producers to run content at frame rates such as 23.976, 29.97 and 59.94Hz, ensuring seamless videos sync with the most widely used camera framerates. Frame Rate Sync technology further reduces screen disruptions for true-to-life accuracy. With thoughtful dust and contamination-resistant LED protective films, plus a variety of easy-to-use solutions, such as remote management and color adjustment, The Wall is built for convenient management in any environment.
       
      CJ ENM Virtual Studio Concept Visual
       
      Both companies expect this collaboration to improve content production possibilities while satisfying a variety of customers by reimagining content production for today’s fast-paced entertainment environment.
       
      “The strategic partnership with Samsung will allow CJ ENM to push forward the creation of a new powerhouse of the next-generation content,” said Ho-sung Kang, CJ ENM CEO. “While CJ ENM is investing $4.4 billion over the next five years in entertainment content, we are taking the lead in building a global No. 1 production studio to become a world leading entertainment company.”
       
       
      About CJ ENM
      CJ ENM is Asia’s leading entertainment and lifestyle company headquartered in Seoul, Korea. Since 1995, the company has engaged in a wide array of businesses across the industry spectrum including media content, music, film, performing arts, and animation, providing its top notch original content to various media platforms. CJ ENM has created, produced and distributed globally acclaimed contents including Cannes-winning film Parasite, Tony Award-winning musical Kinky Boots, record-breaking Korean box office hits Roaring Currents, Extreme Job, Ode to My Father, along with sought-after television series such as Crash Landing On You, Mr. Sunshine, Guardian: The Lonely and Great God, Grandpas over Flowers, I Can See Your Voice and more. To offer the best K-Culture experiences worldwide, CJ ENM presents KCON/KCON:TACT, the world’s largest K-culture convention & festival celebrating Hallyu and Mnet Asian Music Awards (MAMA), Asia’s biggest music awards. With regional offices in Asia, Europe and the U.S., CJ ENM currently employs over 3,600 people.
       
       
      1 16K resolution is only available for horizontal layouts with a 15,360 x 2,160-pixel arrangement.
      View the full article
    • By STF News
      The Samsung Developers team works with many companies in the mobile and gaming ecosystems. We're excited to support our partner, Arm, as they bring timely and relevant content to developers looking to build games and high-performance experiences. This Vulkan Extensions series will help developers get the most out of the new and game-changing Vulkan extensions on Samsung mobile devices.
      In previous blogs, we have already explored two key Vulkan extension game changers that will be enabled by Android R. These are Descriptor Indexing and Buffer Device Address. In this blog, we explore the third and final game changer, which is 'Timeline Semaphores'.
      The introduction of timeline semaphores is a large improvement to the synchronization model of Vulkan and is a required feature in Vulkan 1.2. It solves some fundamental grievances with the existing synchronization APIs in Vulkan.
      The problems with VkFence and VkSemaphore
      In earlier Vulkan extensions, there are two distinct synchronization objects for dealing with CPU <-> GPU synchronization and GPU queue <-> GPU queue synchronization.
      The VkFence object only deals with GPU -> CPU synchronization. Due to the explicit nature of Vulkan, you must keep track of when the GPU completes the work you submit to it.
      vkQueueSubmit(queue, …, fence); The previous code is the way we would use a fence, and later this fence can be waited on. When the fence signals, we know it is safe to free resources, read back data written by GPU, and so on. Overall, the VkFence interface was never a real problem in practice, except that it feels strange to have two entirely different API objects which essentially do the same thing.
      VkSemaphore on the other hand has some quirks which makes it difficult to use properly in sophisticated applications. VkSemaphore by default is a binary semaphore. The fundamental problem with binary semaphores is that we can only wait for a semaphore once. After we have waited for it, it automatically becomes unsignaled again. This binary nature is very annoying to deal with when we use multiple queues. For example, consider a scenario where we perform some work in the graphics queue, and want to synchronize that work with two different compute queues. If we know this scenario is coming up, we will then have to allocate two VkSemaphore objects, signal both objects, and wait for each of them in the different compute queues. This works, but we might not have the knowledge up front that this scenario will play out. Often where we are dealing with multiple queues, we have to be somewhat conservative and signal semaphore objects we never end up waiting for. This leads to another problem …
      A signaled semaphore, which is never waited for, is basically a dead and useless semaphore and should be destroyed. We cannot reset a VkSemaphore object on the CPU, so we cannot ever signal it again if we want to recycle VkSemaphore objects. A workaround would be to wait for the semaphore on the GPU in a random queue just to unsignal it, but this feels like a gross hack. It could also potentially cause performance issues, as waiting for a semaphore is a full GPU memory barrier.
      Object bloat is another considerable pitfall of the existing APIs. For every synchronization point we need, we require a new object. All these objects must be managed, and their lifetimes must be considered. This creates a lot of annoying “bloat” for engines.
      The timeline – fixing object bloat – fixing multiple waits
      The first observation we can make of a Vulkan queue is that submissions should generally complete in-order. To signal a synchronization object in vkQueueSubmit, the GPU waits for all previously submitted work to the queue, which includes the signaling operation of previous synchronization objects. Rather than assigning one object per submission, we synchronize in terms of number of submissions. A plain uint64_t counter can be used for each queue. When a submission completes, the number is monotonically increased, usually by one each time. This counter is contained inside a single timeline semaphore object. Rather than waiting for a specific synchronization object which matches a particular submission, we could wait for a single object and specify “wait until graphics queue submission #157 completes.”
      We can wait for any value multiple times as we wish, so there is no binary semaphore problem. Essentially, for each VkQueue we can create a single timeline semaphore on startup and leave it alone (uint64_t will not overflow until the heat death of the sun, do not worry about it). This is extremely convenient and makes it so much easier to implement complicated dependency management schemes.
      Unifying VkFence and VkSemaphore
      Timeline semaphores can be used very effectively on CPU as well:
      VkSemaphoreWaitInfoKHR info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_WAIT_INFO_KHR }; info.semaphoreCount = 1; info.pSemaphores = &semaphore; info.pValues = &value; vkWaitSemaphoresKHR(device, &info, timeout); This completely removes the need to use VkFence. Another advantage of this method is that multiple threads can wait for a timeline semaphore. With VkFence, only one thread could access a VkFence at any one time.
      A timeline semaphore can even be signaled from the CPU as well, although this feature feels somewhat niche. It allows use cases where you submit work to the GPU early, but then 'kick' the submission using vkSignalSemaphoreKHR. The accompanying sample demonstrates a particular scenario where this function might be useful:
      VkSemaphoreSignalInfoKHR info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_SIGNAL_INFO_KHR }; info.semaphore = semaphore; info.value = value; vkSignalSemaphoreKHR(device, &info); Creating a timeline semaphore
      When creating a semaphore, you can specify the type of semaphore and give it an initial value:
      VkSemaphoreCreateInfo info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO }; VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfoKHR type_info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_CREATE_INFO_KHR }; type_info.semaphoreType = VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE_KHR; type_info.initialValue = 0; info.pNext = &type_info; vkCreateSemaphore(device, &info, NULL, &semaphore);
      Signaling and waiting on timeline semaphores
      When submitting work with vkQueueSubmit, you can chain another struct which provides counter values when using timeline semaphores, for example:
      VkSubmitInfo submit = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO }; submit.waitSemaphoreCount = 1; submit.pWaitSemaphores = &compute_queue_semaphore; submit.pWaitDstStageMask = &wait_stage; submit.commandBufferCount = 1; submit.pCommandBuffers = &cmd; submit.signalSemaphoreCount = 1; submit.pSignalSemaphores = &graphics_queue_semaphore; VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfoKHR timeline = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TIMELINE_SEMAPHORE_SUBMIT_INFO_KHR }; timeline.waitSemaphoreValueCount = 1; timeline.pWaitSemaphoreValues = &wait_value; timeline.signalSemaphoreValueCount = 1; timeline.pSignalSemaphoreValues = &signal_value; submit.pNext = &timeline; signal_value++; // Generally, you bump the timeline value once per submission. vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submit, VK_NULL_HANDLE); Out of order signal and wait
      A strong requirement of Vulkan binary semaphores is that signals must be submitted before a wait on a semaphore can be submitted. This makes it easy to guarantee that deadlocks do not occur on the GPU, but it is also somewhat inflexible. In an application with many Vulkan queues and a task-based architecture, it is reasonable to submit work that is somewhat out of order. However, this still uses synchronization objects to ensure the right ordering when executing on the GPU. With timeline semaphores, the application can agree on the timeline values to use ahead of time, then go ahead and build commands and submit out of order. The driver is responsible for figuring out the submission order required to make it work. However, the application gets more ways to shoot itself in the foot with this approach. This is because it is possible to create a deadlock with multiple queues where queue A waits for queue B, and queue B waits for queue A at the same time.
      Ease of porting
      It is no secret that timeline semaphores are inherited largely from D3D12’s fence objects. From a portability angle, timeline semaphores make it much easier to have compatibility across the APIs.
      Caveats
      As the specification stands right now, you cannot use timeline semaphores with swap chains. This is generally not a big problem as synchronization with the swap chain tends to be explicit operations renderers need to take care of.
      Another potential caveat to consider is that the timeline semaphore might not have a direct kernel equivalent on current platforms, which means some extra emulation to handle it, especially the out-of-order submission feature. As the timeline synchronization model becomes the de-facto standard, I expect platforms to get more native support for it.
      Conclusion
      All three key Vulkan extension game changers improve the overall development and gaming experience through improving graphics and enabling new gaming use cases. We hope that we gave you enough samples to get you started as you try out these new Vulkan extensions to help bring your games to life
      Follow Up
      Thanks to Hans-Kristian Arntzen and the team at Arm for bringing this great content to the Samsung Developers community. We hope you find this information about Vulkan extensions useful for developing your upcoming mobile games.
      The Samsung Developers site has many resources for developers looking to build for and integrate with Samsung devices and services. Stay in touch with the latest news by creating a free account or by subscribing to our monthly newsletter. Visit the Marketing Resources page for information on promoting and distributing your apps and games. Finally, our developer forum is an excellent way to stay up-to-date on all things related to the Galaxy ecosystem.
      View the full blog at its source





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